Breast Reconstruction Complications

For many women, post-mastectomy breast reconstruction is an extremely beneficial procedure, one which allows them to restore both their sense of self and their physical appearance. But while reconstructive surgery has many appealing aspects, it is important for patients to understand that it is a complex surgery. As with all surgeries, breast reconstruction does not come without risks. Patients who are considering surgery should carefully explore all of their options, and consult with a qualified cosmetic surgeon to fully understand potential breast reconstruction complications.

Short-term Risks

Advances in technology have minimized the impact and severity of breast reconstruction complications both during and after breast reconstruction surgery. However, because complications are possible, patients should still be aware of what they are before undergoing surgery. Some of the short-term risks associated with surgery, include:

Poor Reaction to Anesthesia

Reconstructive surgery is performed under general anesthesia, and does carry some risk. People who have pre-existing medical conditions such as heart, circulation, or nervous system problems are at an increased risk for complications, so patients should provide a complete medical history and be fully forthcoming to the surgeon prior to surgery. It is also important to let your physician know if you have experienced adverse reactions to anesthesia in the past Some complications and side effects of anesthesia can include:

• Nausea and vomiting after surgery
• Dizziness and blurred vision
• Headache
• Itching
• Urinary difficulties (less common)
• Chest infection (less common)

Infection

Infection is another of the breast reconstruction complications that are possible with any type of surgery. In most cases, antibiotics can be used to treat infections. A persistent infection under a breast implant may require removal of the implant. Signs of infection include:

• A color change or increased redness around the breast incision
• Discharge of fluid or pus from the surgical site
• A fever that exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit

Bleeding

Patients on blood thinners or other medications that can affect clotting may be told to stop taking the medicine a week or two prior to surgery to minimize bleeding risks. Those who experience excessive bleeding at the surgical site should contact their physician immediately

Long-Term Risks

In addition to short-term risks that can be common with most breast surgeries, breast reconstruction has a unique set of potential complications. These will vary based on the technique used during the procedure.

Implant Complications

Women who chose to have breast reconstruction with breast implants face the same complications as women who choose implants for cosmetic reasons. This can include:

• Capsular Contracture- a condition in which the scar surrounding the implant tightens. The implant or scar tissue may be removed if this occurs.
• Rupture or deflation of the implant – Saline ruptures rapidly while silicone implants can deflate over a long period of time.
• Delayed wound healing

Flap Complications

Flap reconstruction involves the removal or tissue from one area of the body to be used in building a new breast mound. This surgical technique creates two surgical sites that need to be monitored following surgery. Some flap breast reconstruction surgeries to be aware of, include:

• Blood clots
• Vascular complications
• Constricted blood flow to the reconstructed breast
• Failure of relocated tissue to “take,” resulting in dead tissue
• Scarring on breast and tissue removal site
• Reduced abdominal strength (TRAM and DIEP flap procedures)
• Weakened arm, shoulder, or back (latissimus dorsi flap)

Many Patients Want to Know …

What Can I Expect During Recovery?

Recovery from breast reconstruction varies based on your health background and the surgical technique used during the procedure. Typically, patients require six weeks to fully recover from surgery. During this time, strenuous activity should be avoided. Reconstructive surgery using breast implants usually results in a faster recovery, because there is only one surgical site. Learn more about breast reconstruction recovery.