Sperm Retrieval Procedures

Assisted reproductive technologies such as GIFT, ZIFT, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used when either the man or the woman is infertile. When male factor infertility is solely responsible for a couple's inability to conceive (usually due to low sperm count or poor sperm quality) there are several techniques and male infertility treatment options designed to collect sperm to improve the chances of fertilization with the egg.

One of the most common causes of male infertility is low sperm count. Treatment for low sperm count usually involves some type of sperm retrieval procedure. These less invasive treatment options are designed to obtain sperm from a man who would otherwise have trouble producing it.

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) is a male infertility and low sperm count treatment option to pursue if there is no sperm in the semen. During this minimally invasive sperm retrieval procedure, a needle is inserted through the scrotum and into the epididymis and the sperm cells are removed.

This virtually pain-free treatment commonly lasts between 10 and 20 minutes and requires only a local anesthetic.

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)

TESE is another male infertility treatment reserved for men who have a blockage which prevents sperm from entering their epididymis. In this method, small amounts of testicular tissue are removed via a needle inserted into the testis. The tissue is processed and the sperm is eventually extracted.

This male infertility treatment involves a general anesthetic. Side effects include pain and soreness, which will usually diminish within a few days.

Microepididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA)

MESA is a sperm retrieval treatment employing microsurgery techniques to collect sperm near blocked portions of the epididymis. Microepididymal sperm aspiration requires a tiny incision in the scrotum. Fluid is then recovered from the epididymal tube and analyzed for sperm content.

This type of male infertility treatment is performed under general anesthetic. Pain and discomfort are common after the procedure, but can be relieved with prescribed pain medication.

Ask a Fertility Specialist

If you suspect the low sperm count is affecting you and your partner's ability to conceive, set up an appointment with an infertility doctor who can answer your questions, diagnose problems, and recommend treatment, if necessary.