Cataract Types

There are three cataract types, each defined by their location on the lens. Nuclear cataracts are found in the center, or nucleus of the lens. Cortical cataracts begin at the outer rim of the lens, which is known as the cortex, and work toward the center. Subcapsular cataracts affect the back of the lens in the capsule, or the membrane that envelops the lens. Because each of these cataract types affects vision in a distinct manner, it is possible for a patient to have more than one type of cataract at the same time. While age is the most common risk factor for cataracts, some cataract types may also be attributed to diabetes, eye trauma, or certain prescription drugs or steroids. An ophthalmologist can diagnose the different cataract types and discuss treatment options to help patients decide if they would like to undergo cataract surgery to reduce cloudy vision and other symptoms. Learn more about all three cataract types by reading the sections below.

Nuclear Cataracts

Nuclear cataracts are the most common of the cataract types. Nuclear cataracts affect the center of the lens, so they interfere with a person’s ability to see objects in the distance. This type of cataract is usually the result of advancing age.

Cortical Cataracts

Of all cataract types, cortical cataracts are most commonly seen in patients who have diabetes. Cortical cataracts begin at the outer rim of the lens and gradually work toward the central core of the lens. This type of cataract resembles spokes of a wheel that extend from the outside of the lens to the center.

Subcapsular Cataracts

Of all cataract types, subcapsular cataracts progress the most rapidly. Subcapsular cataracts affect the back of the lens, causing glare and blurriness. This type of cataract is usually seen in patients who use steroids, or who suffer from diabetes or extreme nearsightedness.

Find a Cataract Surgeon in Your Area

In their earliest stages, cataracts are usually treated with the use of stronger eyeglasses. Patients may also be encouraged to reduce the amount of glare to which they expose their eyes, or to use special eye drops that regulate the amount of light allowed into their eyes. Once any of the cataract types has progressed, however, surgery is the recommended treatment. If you have been diagnosed with nuclear, subcapsular, or cortical cataracts and would like to learn more about treatment options, use our directory to contact a cataract surgeon in your area.